<h3 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 1
</h3>

 
 Subject 1: Advanced Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering
 

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 Unit 1: DNA Structure and Replication
 
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 Detailed analysis of DNA structure, including A, B, and Z forms.
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 Enzymes involved in DNA replication: DNA polymerases, ligases, and topoisomerases.
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 Replication mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: RNA Synthesis and Processing
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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 RNA processing: capping, splicing, and polyadenylation.
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 Ribozymes and their applications.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 3: Genetic Engineering Tools
 
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 Restriction enzymes: types and applications.
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 Vectors: plasmids, phages, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes (BACs, YACs).
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 Cloning strategies: selection and screening of recombinants.
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 Unit 4: Recombinant DNA Technology
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries.
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 PCR and its applications: real-time PCR, reverse transcription PCR.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Site-directed mutagenesis.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Subject 2: Bioprocess Engineering
 

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 Unit 1: Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering
 
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 Overview of bioprocesses: fermentation, enzyme technology, and cell culture.
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 Role of bioprocess engineering in biotechnology.
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 Basic principles of bioreactor design.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Microbial Growth and Kinetics
 
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 Microbial growth phases and factors affecting growth.
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 Mathematical models for microbial growth: Monod equation, logistic equation.
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 Batch, fed-batch, and continuous culture systems.
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 Unit 3: Bioreactor Design and Operation
 
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 Types of bioreactors: stirred tank, airlift, and packed bed reactors.
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 Scale-up and scale-down of bioprocesses.
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 Sterilization and aseptic techniques.
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 Unit 4: Downstream Processing
 
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 Cell disruption methods: mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic.
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 Separation techniques: filtration, centrifugation, and extraction.
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 Purification techniques: chromatography and electrophoresis.
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 </ul>
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</ul>

 
 Subject 3: Advanced Biochemistry
 

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 Unit 1: Protein Structure and Function
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Amino acids: structure, properties, and classification.
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 Levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
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 Protein folding and misfolding: chaperones and diseases.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms
 
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 Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk plot.
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 Enzyme inhibition: competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive.
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 Enzyme mechanisms: acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis.
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 Unit 3: Metabolic Pathways
 
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 Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
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 Pentose phosphate pathway and gluconeogenesis.
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 Fatty acid metabolism: synthesis and degradation.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 4: Bioenergetics
 
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 Thermodynamics of biochemical reactions.
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 ATP: structure, function, and synthesis.
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 Electron transport chain and chemiosmotic theory.
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 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 2
</h3>

 
 Subject 4: Immunology and Immunotechnology
 

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 Unit 1: Basic Immunology
 
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 Innate and adaptive immunity.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Cells of the immune system: T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
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 Antigens and antibodies: structure, function, and types.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Immune Response
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and antigen presentation.
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 Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 3: Immunotechnology
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Monoclonal antibodies: production and applications.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Vaccine development: types of vaccines and immunization strategies.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 4: Immunological Disorders
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Autoimmune diseases: mechanisms and examples.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Hypersensitivity reactions: types and mechanisms.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Immunodeficiency disorders: primary and secondary.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Subject 5: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
 

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 Unit 1: Introduction to Bioinformatics
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Overview of bioinformatics and its applications.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Biological databases: NCBI, EMBL, and DDBJ.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Sequence alignment: pairwise and multiple sequence alignment.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Genomics and Proteomics
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Genome sequencing and assembly.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Gene prediction and annotation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Protein structure prediction and analysis.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 3: Phylogenetic Analysis
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Phylogenetic trees: construction and interpretation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Molecular evolution and phylogenomics.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Applications of phylogenetic analysis.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 4: Systems Biology
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Metabolic network analysis.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Gene regulatory networks.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Mathematical modeling of biological systems.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Subject 6: Plant Biotechnology
 

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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Plant Tissue Culture
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Basic principles of plant tissue culture.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Applications of plant tissue culture.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Plant Genetic Engineering
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Direct gene transfer methods.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Production of transgenic plants.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 3: Molecular Markers
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Types of molecular markers: RFLPs, RAPDs, and SSRs.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Applications of molecular markers in plant breeding.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Marker-assisted selection.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 4: Plant Biotechnology Applications
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Development of disease-resistant plants.
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 Production of herbicide-tolerant plants.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Improvement of crop yield and quality.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 3
</h3>

 
 Subject 7: Animal Biotechnology
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Animal Cell Culture
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Basic principles of animal cell culture.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Culture media and growth factors.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Applications of animal cell culture.
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 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Animal Cloning and Transgenesis
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Nuclear transfer techniques.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Production of transgenic animals.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Applications of animal cloning and transgenesis.
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 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 3: Stem Cell Technology
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Types of stem cells: embryonic and adult stem cells.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Stem cell differentiation and applications.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Therapeutic applications of stem cells.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 4: Animal Biotechnology Applications
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Production of biopharmaceuticals in animals.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Development of disease models.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Xenotransplantation.
 </li>
 </ul>
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</ul>

 
 Subject 8: Environmental Biotechnology
 

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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Bioremediation
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Principles of bioremediation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Microbial degradation of pollutants.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 In situ and ex situ bioremediation techniques.
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 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Waste Water Treatment
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Biological treatment of waste water.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Activated sludge process.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Anaerobic digestion.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 3: Bioenergy
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Production of biofuels: ethanol, biodiesel, and biogas.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Microbial fuel cells.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Sustainable energy production.
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 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 4: Environmental Monitoring
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Biosensors for environmental monitoring.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Detection of pollutants.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Environmental risk assessment.
 </li>
 </ul>
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</ul>

 
 Subject 9: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
 

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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Drug Discovery and Development
 
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 Target identification and validation.
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 High-throughput screening.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Drug design and development.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Biopharmaceuticals
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Production of recombinant proteins.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Gene therapy.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 3: Drug Delivery Systems
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Controlled drug delivery.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Targeted drug delivery.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Nanoparticles for drug delivery.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 4: Regulatory Affairs
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Drug approval process.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Clinical trials.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Intellectual property rights.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 4
</h3>

 
 Subject 10: Food Biotechnology
 

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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Fermented Foods
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Microbiology of fermented foods.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Production of fermented dairy products.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Fermented vegetables and meats.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Food Preservation
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Traditional and modern methods of food preservation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Microbial spoilage of food.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Food safety and quality control.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 3: Food Biotechnology Applications
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Enzymes in food processing.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Genetically modified foods.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Probiotics and prebiotics.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 4: Food Packaging
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Types of food packaging materials.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Modified atmosphere packaging.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Active and intelligent packaging.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Subject 11: Nanobiotechnology
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Introduction to Nanobiotechnology
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Overview of nanotechnology and its applications in biology.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Nanomaterials: types and properties.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Synthesis of nanomaterials.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Nanobiotechnology Applications
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Nanoparticles for drug delivery.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Nanosensors for diagnostics.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Nanomaterials for tissue engineering.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 3: Nanotoxicology
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Toxicity of nanomaterials.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Environmental impact of nanotechnology.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Risk assessment and management.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 4: Future Trends in Nanobiotechnology
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Emerging applications of nanobiotechnology.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Ethical and social implications of nanotechnology.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Commercialization of nanobiotechnology products.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Subject 12: Research Project / Dissertation
 

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 Unit 1: Research Methodology
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Literature review and research design.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Data collection and analysis.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Scientific writing and presentation.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Project Execution
 
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Experimental work and data interpretation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Troubleshooting and optimization.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Collaboration and teamwork.
 </li>
 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 3: Dissertation Writing
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Structure and format of a dissertation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Referencing and citation.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Plagiarism and ethical considerations.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 4: Dissertation Defense
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Preparation for the defense.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Presentation skills.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Answering questions and defending the research.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

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M.Tech Biotechnology (Part-Time) blends advanced biotech with flexible learning. Ideal for working professionals seeking career advancement in the biotechnology sector.

M.Tech Biotechnology Part Time

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