<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 1: Research Methodology and Advanced Geochemistry
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 Course Objectives:
 

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 To provide a strong foundation in research methodologies relevant to Earth Sciences.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To develop advanced understanding of geochemical principles and their applications.
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</ul>

 
 Course Content:
 

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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Research Methodology
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Introduction to Research: Types of research, research design, hypothesis formulation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Data Collection and Analysis: Sampling techniques, statistical methods, data processing using software (e.g., SPSS, R).
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Scientific Writing and Ethics: Literature review, plagiarism, citation methods, report writing.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Advanced Geochemistry
 
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 Isotope Geochemistry: Radiogenic and stable isotopes, dating methods, tracing geological processes.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Aqueous Geochemistry: Chemical equilibrium, Eh-pH diagrams, water-rock interaction.
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 Organic Geochemistry: Origin and composition of organic matter, biomarkers, environmental applications.
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 </ul>
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</ul>

 
 Suggested Readings:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Rollinson, H. (1993).
 
 Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation
 
 . Longman.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 White, W. M. (2013).
 
 Geochemistry
 
 . John Wiley &amp; Sons.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Krishnamurthy, N. (2019).
 
 Environmental Geochemistry
 
 . Springer.
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Assessment:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Written Examination: 70%
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Assignments and Presentations: 30%
 </li>
</ul>

<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 2: Advanced Petrology and Structural Geology
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 Course Objectives:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To provide advanced knowledge of the origin, evolution, and classification of rocks.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To understand the principles of structural geology and their applications in tectonic studies.
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Course Content:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Advanced Petrology
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Igneous Petrology: Magma genesis, differentiation, and evolution; petrogenesis of different igneous rocks.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Metamorphic Petrology: Metamorphic reactions, facies, and P-T-t paths; regional and contact metamorphism.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Sedimentary Petrology: Provenance analysis, diagenesis, and sedimentary environments.
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 </ul>
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 Unit 2: Structural Geology
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Deformation Mechanisms: Stress, strain, rheology of rocks, brittle and ductile deformation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Structural Analysis: Folds, faults, joints, and shear zones; stereographic projections.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Tectonics: Plate tectonics, orogenic belts, basin analysis.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Suggested Readings:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Winter, J. D. (2010).
 
 Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
 
 . Pearson.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Twiss, R. J., &amp; Moores, E. M. (2007).
 
 Structural Geology
 
 . W. H. Freeman.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Fossen, H. (2016).
 
 Structural Geology
 
 . Cambridge University Press.
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Assessment:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Written Examination: 70%
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Fieldwork and Report: 30%
 </li>
</ul>

<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 3: Economic Geology and Remote Sensing &amp; GIS
</h1>

 
 Course Objectives:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To understand the formation and distribution of mineral deposits.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To apply remote sensing and GIS techniques in geological studies.
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Course Content:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Economic Geology
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Ore Genesis: Magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, and metamorphic ore deposits.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Mineral Exploration: Geological, geophysical, and geochemical methods.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Energy Resources: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas; formation, exploration, and exploitation.
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 </ul>
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Remote Sensing and GIS
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Remote Sensing: Principles of electromagnetic radiation, sensors, and platforms; image processing and interpretation.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Geographic Information Systems (GIS): Spatial data models, data input, analysis, and visualization.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Applications: Geological mapping, mineral exploration, environmental monitoring.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Suggested Readings:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Evans, A. M. (1993).
 
 Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals: An Introduction
 
 . Blackwell Science.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Jensen, J. R. (2015).
 
 Introductory Digital Image Processing: A Remote Sensing Perspective
 
 . Pearson.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Chang, K. T. (2019).
 
 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
 
 . McGraw-Hill Education.
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Assessment:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Written Examination: 60%
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Project and Presentation: 40%
 </li>
</ul>

<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 4: Dissertation and Viva-Voce
</h1>

 
 Course Objectives:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To conduct independent research on a specific topic in Earth Sciences.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To develop skills in data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 To communicate research findings effectively through a dissertation and oral presentation.
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Course Content:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 1: Dissertation
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Literature Review: Comprehensive review of existing literature on the chosen topic.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Methodology: Detailed description of the research methods used.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Results and Discussion: Presentation and interpretation of research findings.
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 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Conclusion: Summary of the main findings and their implications.
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 </ul>
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 
 Unit 2: Viva-Voce
 
 <ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Oral presentation of the dissertation.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Defense of the research work in front of an examination committee.
 </li>
 </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

 
 Assessment:
 

<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Dissertation: 70%
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
 Viva-Voce: 30%
 </li>
</ul>

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