<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 1 Syllabus
</h1>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Human Anatomy &amp; Physiology-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
  </strong>
  Basic terminology, cell structure and functions, tissues.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Skeletal System:
  </strong>
  Bone structure, types, and functions. Joints.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Muscular System:
  </strong>
  Muscle types, structure, and physiology of muscle contraction.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Cardiovascular System:
  </strong>
  Heart anatomy, blood vessels, blood composition and functions.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Lymphatic System:
  </strong>
  Lymphatic organs and their functions.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Biochemistry-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Introduction to Biochemistry:
  </strong>
  Importance of biochemistry in medical science.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Carbohydrates:
  </strong>
  Classification, properties, and metabolism.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Proteins:
  </strong>
  Amino acids, peptide bonds, protein structure, and classification.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Lipids:
  </strong>
  Classification, properties, and metabolism.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Enzymes:
  </strong>
  Nomenclature, classification, properties, and mechanism of action.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Pathology-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Introduction to Pathology:
  </strong>
  Definition, etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological changes in disease.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Cell Injury and Adaptation:
  </strong>
  Causes of cell injury, cellular adaptations.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Inflammation and Repair:
  </strong>
  Acute and chronic inflammation, wound healing.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Immunopathology:
  </strong>
  Basic concepts of immunity, hypersensitivity reactions.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hematology:
  </strong>
  Introduction to blood and its components.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Microbiology-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Introduction to Microbiology:
  </strong>
  History, scope, and importance of microbiology.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Bacteriology:
  </strong>
  Classification, morphology, and growth of bacteria.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Sterilization and Disinfection:
  </strong>
  Methods and principles.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Immunology:
  </strong>
  Basic concepts of immunity, antigens, and antibodies.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Virology:
  </strong>
  General characteristics of viruses.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Communication Skills
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Basics of Communication:
  </strong>
  Definition, types, and importance of communication.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication:
  </strong>
  Principles and techniques.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Listening Skills:
  </strong>
  Importance and techniques of effective listening.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Writing Skills:
  </strong>
  Basic grammar, sentence construction, and paragraph writing.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Presentation Skills:
  </strong>
  Preparing and delivering effective presentations.
 </li>
</ul>


<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 2 Syllabus
</h1>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Human Anatomy &amp; Physiology-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Respiratory System:
  </strong>
  Anatomy of respiratory organs, mechanism of respiration.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Digestive System:
  </strong>
  Anatomy of digestive organs, digestion and absorption.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Excretory System:
  </strong>
  Kidney anatomy, urine formation, and excretion.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Endocrine System:
  </strong>
  Endocrine glands and their hormones.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Nervous System:
  </strong>
  Neuron structure, brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Biochemistry-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Acid-Base Balance:
  </strong>
  Buffers, regulation of pH.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Electrolytes:
  </strong>
  Sodium, potassium, chloride, and their importance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Vitamins:
  </strong>
  Classification, sources, and functions.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Minerals:
  </strong>
  Classification, sources, and functions.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hormones:
  </strong>
  Classification, mechanism of action, and disorders.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Pathology-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Neoplasia:
  </strong>
  Definition, classification, and characteristics of tumors.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Genetic Disorders:
  </strong>
  Chromosomal abnormalities and single-gene disorders.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Nutritional Disorders:
  </strong>
  Deficiency and excess of nutrients.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Environmental Pathology:
  </strong>
  Effects of pollution and toxins on health.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hematology:
  </strong>
  Blood cell morphology and disorders.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Microbiology-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Systematic Bacteriology:
  </strong>
  Study of medically important bacteria.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Mycology:
  </strong>
  General characteristics of fungi.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Parasitology:
  </strong>
  General characteristics of parasites.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Clinical Microbiology:
  </strong>
  Collection and processing of clinical samples.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing:
  </strong>
  Methods and interpretation.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Computer Applications
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Introduction to Computers:
  </strong>
  Basic concepts, hardware, and software.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Operating Systems:
  </strong>
  Windows, Linux.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   MS Office:
  </strong>
  Word, Excel, PowerPoint.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Internet and Email:
  </strong>
  Basic concepts and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Data Analysis:
  </strong>
  Introduction to statistical software.
 </li>
</ul>


<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 3 Syllabus
</h1>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Clinical Pathology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Urine Analysis:
  </strong>
  Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Stool Examination:
  </strong>
  Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of stool.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Body Fluid Analysis:
  </strong>
  Examination of CSF, pleural fluid, and ascitic fluid.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Semen Analysis:
  </strong>
  Examination of semen for fertility assessment.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Automation in Clinical Pathology:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Hematology-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Basic Hematological Techniques:
  </strong>
  Blood collection, anticoagulants, and preparation of blood films.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Complete Blood Count (CBC):
  </strong>
  Red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and platelet count.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hemoglobin Estimation:
  </strong>
  Methods and clinical significance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Peripheral Blood Film Examination:
  </strong>
  Identification of normal and abnormal blood cells.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR):
  </strong>
  Methods and clinical significance.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Histopathology-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Introduction to Histopathology:
  </strong>
  Tissue processing, fixation, and embedding.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Microtomy:
  </strong>
  Section cutting and staining.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Staining Techniques:
  </strong>
  Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Special Stains:
  </strong>
  PAS, Masson's trichrome, and reticulin stain.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Cytopathology:
  </strong>
  Introduction to cytology and its applications.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Immunology &amp; Serology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Antigen-Antibody Reactions:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Immunological Techniques:
  </strong>
  ELISA, immunofluorescence, and agglutination tests.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Complement System:
  </strong>
  Components and functions.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hypersensitivity Reactions:
  </strong>
  Types and mechanisms.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Autoimmunity:
  </strong>
  Mechanisms and autoimmune diseases.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Transfusion Medicine-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Blood Group Systems:
  </strong>
  ABO and Rh blood group systems.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Blood Collection and Processing:
  </strong>
  Donor selection and blood component preparation.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Compatibility Testing:
  </strong>
  Crossmatching and antibody screening.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Transfusion Reactions:
  </strong>
  Types and management.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Quality Control in Blood Bank:
  </strong>
  Principles and practices.
 </li>
</ul>


<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 4 Syllabus
</h1>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Diagnostic Cytology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Exfoliative Cytology:
  </strong>
  Collection and processing of sputum, urine, and cervical smears.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC):
  </strong>
  Techniques and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Cytological Staining:
  </strong>
  Papanicolaou stain and Giemsa stain.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Interpretation of Cytological Smears:
  </strong>
  Identification of normal and abnormal cells.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Quality Control in Cytology:
  </strong>
  Principles and practices.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Hematology-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Anemias:
  </strong>
  Classification, causes, and laboratory diagnosis.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Leukemias:
  </strong>
  Classification, causes, and laboratory diagnosis.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hemostasis and Coagulation:
  </strong>
  Mechanism of coagulation and coagulation disorders.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Bone Marrow Examination:
  </strong>
  Aspiration and trephine biopsy.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Automation in Hematology:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Histopathology-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Advanced Staining Techniques:
  </strong>
  Immunohistochemistry and special stains.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Frozen Section:
  </strong>
  Techniques and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Microscopic Examination of Tissues:
  </strong>
  Identification of normal and abnormal tissues.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Reporting of Histopathology Specimens:
  </strong>
  Principles and practices.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Quality Control in Histopathology:
  </strong>
  Principles and practices.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Molecular Biology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   DNA and RNA Structure:
  </strong>
  Basic concepts and functions.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation:
  </strong>
  Basic mechanisms.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Electrophoresis:
  </strong>
  Techniques and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Molecular Diagnostic Techniques:
  </strong>
  Applications in disease diagnosis.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Transfusion Medicine-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Advanced Blood Group Serology:
  </strong>
  Identification of rare blood groups and antibodies.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Component Therapy:
  </strong>
  Indications and complications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Apheresis:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Stem Cell Transplantation:
  </strong>
  Basic concepts.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Quality Assurance in Transfusion Medicine:
  </strong>
  Principles and practices.
 </li>
</ul>


<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 5 Syllabus
</h1>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Parasitology &amp; Entomology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Systematic Parasitology:
  </strong>
  Detailed study of medically important parasites.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Diagnostic Parasitology:
  </strong>
  Techniques for parasite identification.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Medical Entomology:
  </strong>
  Study of insects and arthropods of medical importance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Vector-Borne Diseases:
  </strong>
  Transmission, prevention, and control.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Antiparasitic Drugs:
  </strong>
  Classification and mechanism of action.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Mycology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Systematic Mycology:
  </strong>
  Detailed study of medically important fungi.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Diagnostic Mycology:
  </strong>
  Techniques for fungal identification.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Antifungal Drugs:
  </strong>
  Classification and mechanism of action.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Mycoses:
  </strong>
  Superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, and systemic fungal infections.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections:
  </strong>
  Culture, microscopy, and serology.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Virology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Systematic Virology:
  </strong>
  Detailed study of medically important viruses.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Diagnostic Virology:
  </strong>
  Techniques for viral identification.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Antiviral Drugs:
  </strong>
  Classification and mechanism of action.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Viral Infections:
  </strong>
  Common viral diseases and their laboratory diagnosis.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Immunization:
  </strong>
  Principles and types of vaccines.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Instrumentation-I
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Basic Principles of Instrumentation:
  </strong>
  Measurement, accuracy, and precision.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Spectrophotometry:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Electrophoresis:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Centrifugation:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Microscopy:
  </strong>
  Principles and types of microscopes.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Quality Control &amp; Ethics
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Quality Control in Laboratory:
  </strong>
  Principles and practices.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Internal and External Quality Control:
  </strong>
  Methods and monitoring.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Laboratory Accreditation:
  </strong>
  NABL and other accreditation standards.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Bioethics:
  </strong>
  Ethical issues in medical laboratory practice.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Laboratory Safety:
  </strong>
  Safety measures and waste management.
 </li>
</ul>


<h1 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Semester 6 Syllabus
</h1>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Advanced Diagnostic Techniques
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Flow Cytometry:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Immunohistochemistry:
  </strong>
  Techniques and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Molecular Diagnostic Techniques:
  </strong>
  PCR, FISH, and DNA sequencing.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Mass Spectrometry:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Automation in Laboratory Medicine:
  </strong>
  Current trends and future prospects.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Toxicology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Endocrine Disorders:
  </strong>
  Laboratory diagnosis of thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary disorders.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Diabetes Mellitus:
  </strong>
  Diagnosis and monitoring.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Reproductive Endocrinology:
  </strong>
  Hormonal assays and infertility testing.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Toxicology:
  </strong>
  Principles and methods of toxicological analysis.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Therapeutic Drug Monitoring:
  </strong>
  Principles and applications.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Advanced Hematology
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Hemoglobinopathies:
  </strong>
  Diagnosis and management.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Myeloproliferative Disorders:
  </strong>
  Diagnosis and management.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Lymphoproliferative Disorders:
  </strong>
  Diagnosis and management.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Coagulation Disorders:
  </strong>
  Advanced testing and management.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Transplantation Immunology:
  </strong>
  HLA typing and crossmatching.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Instrumentation-II
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Automated Analyzers:
  </strong>
  Principles and maintenance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Blood Gas Analyzers:
  </strong>
  Principles and maintenance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Electrolyte Analyzers:
  </strong>
  Principles and maintenance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Immunoassay Analyzers:
  </strong>
  Principles and maintenance.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Troubleshooting and Maintenance of Laboratory Instruments:
  </strong>
  Common problems and solutions.
 </li>
</ul>
<h2 style="color: #2a4978; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 600">
 Hospital Training &amp; Project
</h2>
<ul>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Clinical Laboratory Rotation:
  </strong>
  Hands-on training in various sections of the laboratory.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Project Work:
  </strong>
  Research project on a relevant topic in medical laboratory technology.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Report Writing:
  </strong>
  Preparation of a detailed project report.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Presentation Skills:
  </strong>
  Presenting the project findings.
 </li>
 <li style="color: black; font-family: poppins; font-weight: 400">
  <strong>
   Viva Voce:
  </strong>
  Comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills.
 </li>
</ul>


Image 2

BMLT is a paramedical course focusing on lab diagnosis. It covers biochemistry, microbiology, and hematology, preparing students for lab technician roles.

BMLT

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